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Mild cognitive impairment after stroke
Jaremová, Vladěna ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to describe cognitive profile of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients witch ischemic stroke (IST). The theoretical introduction focuses on IST, the concept of MCI, and neuropsychological test of cognitive deficits related to IST. The empirical part of the thesis describes the research results. 64 patients with various types of brain lesions after first-ever stroke were examined within 3-6 months after hospital admission. The cognitive performance was assessed across five cognitive domains: memory, attention, executive functions, visuospacial abilities, and language. All cognitive domains were impaired to the similar extend; the impairment quite severe, and ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 SD below the mean of the control group. The results showed that right hemisphere lesions were associated with visuospacial impairment whereas left hemisphere lesions were associated with language impairment. Also, it was examined which combination of tests differentiates best between patients from the experimental groups and the control group, and among individual experimental groups. It is necessary to develop and use sensitive and valid tests that can detect mild cognitive deficits in patients after ischemic stroke, which could be useful for rehabilitation planning. Keywords: mild...
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Training and transfer effects of executive functions to regulation of emotions
Vlachynská, Kateřina ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis is focused on the effects of computerized executive functions training on emotion regulation and affective functioning. The theoretical part summarizes cognition-emotion integration and is based on cognitive neuroscience models suggesting that there are bidirectional links between cortical executive functions centers and cortical centers that regulate emotions. Based on process model of emotion regulation (Gross, 1998) it's supposed that it is possible to make interventions of emotion dysregulation also through cognitive, antecedent-focused strategies. These assumptions are linked with computerized executive functions training. Such training might have positive consequences for emotion regulation and emotion functioning, as it generate frontal activation (Klinberg et al., 2005). The study measures the potential effect of executive functions training on regulation of negative emotions. The main intervention is a personalized, computer-based cognitive training program BrainTwister. This program is widely used for clinical and diagnostics praxis and rehabilitation. To ascertain the everyday ecological validity of the cognitive training intervention and the emotion regulatory and affective consequences, emotion regulatory experiment (IAPS) together with mood and emotion regulation...
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Treatment for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Bradáč, Ondřej ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Vaverka, Miroslav (referee)
Introduction: The surgical and endovascular results of the treatment of pial AVM provided at our Neurosurgical centre are presented. These results are supported by neuropsychological outcomes of subgroup of treated patients. Going by these results and by an overview of literary data on the efficacy and complications of each therapeutic modality, the optimal algorithm of indications is presented Cohort of patients: The main series comprises 222 patients aged 9 to 87 years treated in the years 1998 - 2013. The surgical group consists of 85 patients, 55 patients received solely endovascular treatment. Thirty-four patients were consulted and referred directly to the Radiosurgical unit. The remaining 48 were recommended to abide by the strategy of "watch and wait". A subgroup of 66 patients, who underwent treatment of AVM was neuro-psychologically tested at least two years after treatment using a battery of tests constructed specifically for this study. A control group consisted of 10 subjects without any neurological disease. Results: In the surgical group, serious complications were 3.5% at a 96.5% therapeutic efficacy. As for AVM treated with purely endovascular methods, serious procedural complications were seen in 5.5% of patients, with efficacy totalling 36.4%. One observed patient suffered...
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The detection of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Blahová-Dušánková, Jana ; Kubala Havrdová, Eva (advisor) ; Papežová, Hana (referee) ; Rektorová, Irena (referee)
Evaluation of cognitive impairment is often omitted in multiple sclerosis (MS), as the available instruments usually require considerable time and resources, and are not readily available in all countries. The aims of this study were to examine validity of the Czech translation of the MACFIMS (Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS), to validate the BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS) and to compare outcomes of the MACFIMS and the BICAMS. We evaluated 367 MS patients and 134 healthy controls with the MACFIMS battery, which also comprises the 3 tests of the BICAMS (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test- Revised, California Verbal Learning Test, second edition). The most accurate BICAMS criterion of cognitive deficit was that of at least 1 of the overall 3 tests outside the normal range (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 86%, p=10-28). Outcomes of the Czech translation of the MACFIMS were comparable to its original. The MACFIMS and the BICAMS identified cognitive deficit in 55% and 58% of the MS patients, respectively. Both the BICAMS and MACFIMS predicted patient vocational status. The BICAMS is highly sensitive and specific to cognitive impairment in MS as defined by the MACFIMS. This impairment is significantly associated with vocational status. Our work...
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EEG ERP inhibitory response of selective attention in bilingual subjects
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor thesis continues in research of bilingual subjects and investigates differences in cognitive functions (especially selective attention). It compares speed and accuracy of bilingual and monolingual responses on verbal stimuli (font detection) during which are observed subjects affected by tone with acoustic pressure of 76 dB. In theoretical part of the thesis I elaborated information about language and speech in general, language development, bilingualism, electroencephalography and of course about speech in neuropsychology. In empirical part there is described research methodology, elaboration and analysis of data, which was gained during the experiment. It?s assumed that bilingual subjects should have different values of event-related potentials, especially in linguistic part of the brain and according to behavioral data should show their cognitive advantage in less error rate. Two types of data were obtained from the experiment ? behavioral and EEG records. Behavioral data were processed in Excel and EEG records in the MATLAB programming environment. The results confirmed intergroup differences in ERP components, but these results were inconsistent within behavioral data, which can be attributed primarily to sample size.
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Vietnamese-Czech bilingual adolescents on EEG - bilingual effect on cognitive advantage
ŠIMKOVÁ, Kateřina Marie
A recently progressive topic of psychology are aspects of humans psyché. It is raised in the most complicated matter human could ever explore. In the brain. This bachelor thesis briefly concludes cerebral mechanisms of neuroplasticity and its influence on humans life. Concretely the theoretical part is specialized on a cognitive advantage of bilingualism. The mentioned advantage was studied in empirical part by electroencephalographic measurement in Vietnamese-Czech bilinguals during letter detection task. We expected bilinguals to outperform control group of monolinguals in behavioral part. Due to a different neural organization within linguistic plasticity, we also expected different amplitudes in event-related potentials in the bilingual group in linguistic areas of the brain. Results confirm mentioned neural differences, although behavioral advantage hypothesis is falsified.
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